Hofstede Cultural Dimension Essays

Hofstede Cultural Dimension Essays Hofstede Cultural Dimension Paper Hofstede Cultural Dimension Paper Hofstede Geert Hofstede’s five social measurements are individualistic versus cooperation, power separation, personal satisfaction versus amount of life, vulnerability shirking and time direction. Force Distance The term of intensity separation in the Hofstede’s structure implies estimation of intensity in a foundation and association being disseminated where the general public ready to acknowledge (Bergman et al. 2006, 141). Both Australia and Sweden has a low force separation in their general public. Low force separation nations will in general work in a decentralization domain and have more prominent force in dynamic (Lere and Portz, 2005). With decentralization, supervisors are increasingly autonomous in the improvement of an organization with administration quality rather than simply position and status (Lere and Portz, 2005). Australia and Sweden association will in general be compliment and group arranged structure to have better correspondence among subordinates and their managers (Business Culture, n. d). Consequently suppositions and dynamic are urged to voice out and data are simpler to be go around in the organization. Along these lines in Sweden grid association is normal when there are any undertakings coming up (Business Culture, n. d). Vulnerability Avoidance Vulnerability shirking implies an estimation of resilience hazard and conduct where the society’s culture ready to acknowledge (Bergman et al. 2006, 141). Both Australia and Sweden has low vulnerability shirking. Nations with low vulnerability evasion will have less worry on vulnerability and vagueness and spotlight more on resistance with one another (Lere and Portz, 2005). There will be more hazard taking and less undesirable contentions. In this general public, there will be less principle arranged and would have the option to adjust to changes of condition (Lere and Portz, 2005). Swedish are more ready to face challenge than some other nations (Business culture, n. ). When making a decision about an individual, their exhibition is the more prominent significance in a working spot (Business culture, n. d). In this way equivalent measure of people are typically found in high position (Business culture, n. d). While in Australia, they have a more unwind and laid-back culture, where they won't dread the future and stroll towards it rather (Bassett, 2004). This shows Australia want to push ahead as opposed to being stop by an obstruction. In addition, Australians put stock in their lawful rights and archives are ordinarily deciphered actually because of their devotion towards British Common Law (Bassett, 2004). Time Orientation In Australia, a culture with a transient direction esteems, for example, keeping up close to home steadiness or joy and living for the current which look in the short run. Australian individuals like to adhere to clear guidelines and methodology. They want to take a shot at each assignment in turn and may feel disappointed when other contending errands divert that center. (Robert et al. 2004) Furthermore in present moment, the old once is effortlessly commenced and the new once can without much of a stretch come in regardless of in what industry. Where as in Sweden, they are in the medium time direction. (Plainly Cultural n. d. ) For instance, in Australian if two officials consented to meet at 2. 0pm, they truly mean to be there by 2. 30pm sharp or considerably prior. So immediacy in close to home propensities is essential to them. Independence Individualism is â€Å"the degree to which individuals in a nation wants to go about as people instead of as individual from groups† (Robbins and Decenzo 2004, p. 48). Independence alludes to the â€Å"strength of the ties individuals need to others inside the community† (Mind Tools, 2008). In a high independence nation, there is a free association with individuals and there is likewise an absence of relational association and small sharing of duties, past family and maybe a couple of dear companions. Sweden and Australia scored exceptionally under this classification. â€Å"This singularity is strengthened in Australian’s day by day lives and should be viewed as when voyaging and working together in their Country. Security is viewed as the social standard and endeavors at individual charming may meet with rebuff† (ITIM International, 2003). To convey better in an individualistic culture, as an individual you are relied upon to take a shot at your own and take activities. Business condition will be less dependent on relationship and individual contacts which will isolate business and individual life. Collaborators or subordinates will hope to get an opportunity to take a shot at ventures or explain issues freely. It is normal for individuals in this culture to attempt to stand apart from the rest during gatherings, introductions, or in any event, during bunch work. With respect to Malaysian, they are less individualistic. They work more in gatherings to get the best result so they can satisfy the crucial they need to accomplish. Amount Vs Quality of Life In Australia, the greater part of the Australians are really scored high in amount of life contrasted with personal satisfaction. They are portrayed by decisiveness and realism. For instance, Australians will in general follow one another. This happens due to the soundness of Australian establishments and the solid economy. For instance, since the start of 2003 there has been a blast in the lodging market, in each spot everybody is discussing houses. Along these lines, this may happen to the vehicle business as well. Australia is viewed as one of the most serious countries on earth (Yes Australia n. d. ) Because of this dependability, Australians will in general purchase more by following the pattern. Be that as it may, there is a halfway spot in Australia where personal satisfaction is high where individuals are inviting and supportive. Proposal As we are a Swedish base organization attempting to grow our business in Australia, representatives and directors from Sweden ought to figure out how to discuss better with Australians. In the force separation measurement, we realize that both Australia and Sweden is rank low. The Swedish supervisors should attempt to present that person self in a casual way. Dynamic ought to likewise include others. Australians and Swedish are more towards independence. Representatives from Sweden ought to figure out how to chip away at their own and take more activities. They ought to likewise be readied that business condition are less dependent on relationship and individual contact. With respect to vulnerability shirking, Australian and Swedish scored low. This implies Swedish ought to figure out how to be increasingly adaptable or open in the way to deal with new thoughts. Concurred plans ought to be acknowledged rapidly. Swedish worker ought to likewise figure out how to execute their assignment all alone with just rules from unrivaled. Swedish are increasingly medium term situated as Australians are more to momentary arranged. Swedish ought to hope to live by similar norms and rules which we make. Swedish ought to likewise be deferential to other people and ought not stop for a second to present important changes.

Best Buy Analysis Essay

Albeit Best Buy is an electronic consumer’s dream, they are confronting two significant dangers: 1) The expanding number of contenders and, 2) The solid rise of internet retailing. I prescribe that to address these issues Best Buy should close a few â€Å"Brick and Mortar† stores and move to a greater amount of an online based system. Because of the minimal effort of web based retailing, rebate retailers, for example, Amazon, Wal-Mart and Target have had the option to increase huge piece of the pie. In contrast to Best Buy, Amazon doesn't have the overhead connected with â€Å"brick and mortar† stores, permitting them to fundamentally slice costs to challenge Best Buy in the buyer gadgets showcase. Best Buy has been called â€Å"Amazon’s showroom†, as customers would frequently utilize Best Buy to test items while at last getting them on the web. Shutting â€Å"brick and mortar† stores and utilizing the assets to push a wide cost authority procedure would make Best Buy serious against online retailers indeed. Best Buy is the pioneer in consumer loyalty and the retail head of its group. Since Circuit City went under, there is certifiably not a huge, exclusively electronic retailer with showrooms making greater perceivability. Expanding its image an incentive over 18% in 2009 alone, the costs must turn out to be increasingly serious so purchasers won't exploit this and still purchase somewhere else. Pushing an online based procedure to battle Amazon and Wal-Mart would prompt development in the one aspect of purchaser gadgets retailing in which Best Buy is slacking. Albeit human capital is a significant resource for Best Buy, I prescribe that ability be moved to different territories of the organization, for example, Geek Squad, which has indicated development and gainfulness because of the expanding number of purchasers who purchase on the web and need help introducing their gadgets. All together for Best Buy to stay serious later on, distributing current assets viably will be fundamental in reducing expenses and building up a cost initiative technique.

Modern American Government Example

Modern American Government Example Modern American Government â€" Essay Example > Question: What Factors Best Explain Why Americans Vote as They Do? ReplyJust like other democratic societies, election results in the United States often change dramatically. A landslide victory for one party may be followed by a lopsided victory for another party in the following election. Election changes in the United States can be categorized into two classes: short-term and long-term changes. Short-term election changes are related to fluctuations in factors that are related to an election such as the condition of the economy or the qualities of the candidates. Short-term factors can be strongly favorable to the Democrats in one election, moderately favorable to the Republicans in another election and evenly divided in the subsequent election. Long-term shifts in election results are related to shifts in basic loyalties which last beyond a particular election period. The most critical long-term election changes occur when there are realignments in party systems. Realignments of American party systems occur infrequently and are substantial enough to cause fundamental changes in voting patterns. For instance, the New Deal Realignment of the 1930s fundamentally reshaped the country’s political system and today, some of the ideological differences between parties can be traced to the New Deal Realignment. The most interesting issue in the United States elections is not who wins but how the people voted and what the implications of the election results are. Voters in the United States have developed a complex voting trend incorporating a number of social and attitudinal factors. The main attitudinal factors that have over the years influenced voting patterns include evaluation of government performance, personal characteristics of candidates, party identification, orientation of policy issues and ideologies. On the social perspective, religion, race, social class, gender and marital status are among the most important factors that have influenced voting patterns over the years. Ideally, evaluation of candidate characteristics and government policies are short-term forces capable of effecting substantial shifts from one election period to another. On the other hand, ideology and party identification are stable in the short terms. In fact, many American voters have shown the tendency to shift party identifications during elections. While some critical issues in presidential elections change over time, a number of important basic policy issues such as social welfare programs and defense spending remain pertinent and stretch over several election periods and have far reaching ramifications on voting patterns. The issue of race is an important social factor that has traditionally shaped voting patterns in the United States. The Democratic Party has historically been associated with efforts to advance the civil rights cause, especially under the leadership of Lyndon Johnson. Naturally, the Democrats have had a wide following among Afric an Americans and other minority groups in the United States. The presidency of Johnson is credited with successfully sponsoring three civil rights acts in the Congress. The bills granted various rights to the minority groups especially the Blacks which were hitherto prohibited. In 2008, Barrack Obama became the first Black American to win presidency in the history of the United States. Obama received a huge support from the Blacks partly because racial background. Although the number of Blacks who vote is small compared to the numerically larger white population, a large proportion of the Blacks live in regions that are election targets for both Republicans and Democrats such as California and Florida. Historical results show that majority of blacks vote for the Democrats regardless of the party’s success or candidate’s qualities. In contrast, the White voters in Southern states are historically more inclined to vote for the Republican Party because the party is not associated with the civil rights movement.

The Media and the Military in the Vietnam War - 1593 Words

The media and Military The War in Vietnam was the first real â€Å"television† war, meaning it was the first conflict where the U.S. military found itself attempting to control a media which was not fully supportive of the country’s involvement. (79) It was also the first â€Å"open† conflict where the media was deployed in force without restriction. (79) The media saw a need to cater to those who opposed the war for the first time. The conflict was taking place in a remote area, and apart from conscription, there was little threat to the security of the citizen or state. (79) Young and Jesser argue that the U.S. government also held outdated expectations of popular support under the â€Å"social contract† during this time. Now citizens were afforded the luxury to make up their minds on the legitimacy of the conflict, with many wanting answers the government could, or perhaps would not provide. (79) The Vietnam War is the first war in which the garnering of popular support on the home front was no longer a mainstay of the war effort. The media played a fundamental role in changing the outcome of the Vietnam War. The media eroded public support back in the United States and became the driving force behind the growing unpopularity of the war. The media brought politics into the living room which in turn made citizens experts on matters of national security and foreign policy. The Americans had no policy or machinery in place to handle the media, even when Vietnam became news after theShow MoreRelatedTo What Extent The American News Media Affected The Support And Result Of The Vietnam War1722 Words   |  7 Pagesextent the American news media affected the support and result of the Vietnam War. The Vietnam Conflict was officially recognized as a war beginning in 1955, but it was not until the 1960s that U.S. news outlets began coverage on the conflict in Vietnam. Before this era, the news was mainly concerned with reporting issues that had to do with communism and the cold war with Russia. It wasn t until the North Vietnamese s communist efforts were more widely known that the U.S. media started covering theRead MoreTo What Extent The American News Media Affected The Support And Result Of The Vietnam War1743 Words   |  7 Pagesextent the American news media affected the support and result of the Vietnam War. The Vietnam Conflict was officially recogniz ed as a war beginning in 1955, but it was not until the 1960s that U.S. news outlets began coverage on the conflict in Vietnam. Before this era, the news was mainly concerned with reporting issues that had to do with Communism and the Cold War with the USSR. It wasn t until the North Vietnamese s communist efforts were more widely known that the U.S. media started covering theRead MoreWhy Did The Tet Offensive Affect America s Societal Opinion On The Involvement Of The Vietnam War1739 Words   |  7 PagesIn january, 1968 the Tet Offensive of the Vietnam war was launched. The Tet Offensive was a carefully planned military campaign composed of surprise attacks on the republic of Vietnam by the communist parties of North and South Vietnam during the vietnamese holiday, Tet. The Tet offensive, militarily was a massive defeat for the communist parties of Vietnam, however it led to mass disillusionment within the U.S., diminishing public support for the war, inevitably forcing a withd rawal of U.S. troopsRead MoreThe Battle Of The Vietnam War Essay1431 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscussion of the Vietnam War was never far from people’s minds. This war would serve as an introduction to what war was to the home front. It was in the homes of America where so many had been previously sheltered from the realities of war. During previous conflicts, there had been a military censorship on all media that pertained to war. This would not be the case in Vietnam, it would be completely uncensored. The ability for reporters to provide a commentary on the war without censorshipRead MoreVietnam War Outcome Influenced by the Media1510 Words   |  7 PagesTerm 3 Paper: The Media and Vietnam War The Vietnam War was a war of mass destruction, leaving Vietnam to become bitterly divided and claiming the many lives of Vietnamese civilians as well as American soldiers. Out of all the wars in American history, the Vietnam War was the first war to be broadly televised and covered by the media. It came to be known as the first â€Å"Television War†. Journalists began to pour into Vietnam from all over the nation, to cover the lives of the American Soldiers asRead More The Impact of the Media on the Vietnam War Essay1710 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impact of the Media on the Vietnam War This essay will discuss to what degree the media can be blamed for the United States’ loss in the Vietnam conflict ending 1975. It will be based predominantly on key written resources on the subject, but it will also contain - by means of an interview - certain first-hand observations from a Vietnam War veteran. For the sake of conciseness, and in order to focus the bulk of the content on the main topic, this essay will make certain assumptionsRead MoreMedia and American Withdrawal From Vietnam Essay1745 Words   |  7 PagesMedia and American Withdrawal From Vietnam The history of Vietnam is characterised by struggles for independence since French rule in 1859 after the French took Saigon, and a great ability in warfare and continual determined resistance to foreign domination. Major military involvement by American armed forces came after events such as Russian communist revolution in 1917 and the Korean War in the 1950s; these events put the America people in a period of moral panic Read MoreThe Vietnam War1737 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of the Vietnam War, was to end the awful spread of communism. As Ho Chi Minh (North Vietnam’s communist president) fought to which spread North Vietnam’s political uses to Southern Vietnam. With this, the American Military Advisors sought to believe that a fall of Southern Vietnam to communist hands, would then lead to a total takeover of neighboring nations to fall under communism. The effect of the neighboring nations falling, was known as the â€Å"Domino Effect†. It all began when TheRead MoreU.s Propaganda On Vietnam War1355 Words   |  6 Pages U.S propaganda in Vietnam War In the need of human resources, the U.S government in the 3rd quarter of the 20th century has started mobilizing young men into navy and military troops. This mobilization was preceded with heavy amount of propaganda that used big variety of different motives to recruit as many people as possible and to stop the deserters that tried to flee to the country. The motives used in propaganda ranged from hateful to nationalistic. When thinking of power, most people thinkRead MoreImpact of Vietnam War on American Culture1421 Words   |  6 PagesThe Vietnam War began in the year 1954, after the ascension to power of Ho Chi Minh, who was a communist leader in North Vietnam. The leader was spreading communism, and because the United States wanted to stop the spread, it sent military troops to aid South Vietnamese to stop this vice. The war saw about 3million people die with the inclusion of 58,000 American soldiers. About 150,000 people were wounded during the war. In 1975, South Vietnamese government surrendered the war after the communist

Kate Chopins The Awakening Essay - 1350 Words

Kate Chopins The Awakening Kate Chopin’s novel The Awakening expresses the difficulty of finding a woman’s place in society. Edna learns of new ideas such as freedom and independence while vacationing in Grand Isle. Faced with a choice to conform to society’s expectations or to obey personal desires for independence, Edna Pontellier realizes that either option will result in dissatisfaction. Thus, Edna’s awakening in Grand Isle leads to her suicide. Edna’s awakening occurs during her family’s vacation in Grand Isle. It is here that she learns to freely express herself and be unreserved in her behavior and speech. Through the Creole women, Edna becomes free from the chains that bind her to societal expectations. Adele†¦show more content†¦The two main women in Edna’s life serve as foils of each other and static characters to which Edna can compare. Adele Ratignole presents the ideal, socially-accepted woman figure. She exemplifies all that is perfect: devoted wife seeking only to please her spouse, loving mother, knowledgeable, conventional, â€Å"mother-woman,† elegant, charming, simple, and servant to both her family and society. Completely opposite of the dependent woman is Mademoiselle Reisz who personifies all that Adele would disgust. Reisz remains isolated from society, shunned as a recluse for her passion of music. She is unpopular, solitary, unmarried, childless, but also coura geous, passionate, independent, inspired, and free. The two figures rest on polar ends of a societal spectrum. This distance creates a horrific gap within which Edna finds herself. Edna identifies with both women, having qualities and tendencies of each. This dual connection complicates Edna’s identity; she cannot fully embody either woman type while she possesses qualities of the other. Edna remains in a situation in which success cannot be achieved. Edna’s awakening allows the two distinct female models of society to become clear, and her awakening causes her to feel unable to conform to either model. Edna’s arousal is that which opens her eyes to see her potential apart from her current life. Spending time in Grand Isle unveils a newShow MoreRelatedThe Awakening on Kate Chopins The Awakening1745 Words   |  7 Pages The time period of the 1880s that Kate Chopin lived in influenced her to write The Awakening, a very controversial book because of many new depictions of women introduced in the book. The Awakening is a book about a woman, Edna Pontellier. In the beginning, she is a happy woman with her husband and 2 kids vacationing at Grand Isle. While there, Edna realizes she is in love with Robert Lebrun and that she was just forced into an unloving/dissatisfying marriage with Mr. Pontellier. Robert howeverRead MoreKate Chopins The Awakening1767 Words   |  8 Pageswith experimentation and exploration, followed by personal acceptance, and finally, although not always, societal acceptance. Although we have come a long way on the path of acceptance of different sexual transgressions, the stories of Kate Chopin’s The Awakening, Tennessee Williams’ â€Å"Vieux Carre,† and Lyle Saxon’s â€Å"The Centaur Plays Croquet† show that this type of acceptance has not alwa ys been the case. Each story plays an integral role when looking at the steps on the path to societal acceptanceRead MoreKate Chopins The Awakening1871 Words   |  8 Pagesworshipping her children and submitting to her husband. Kate Chopins novel, The Awakening, encompasses the frustrations and the triumphs in a womans life as she attempts to cope with these strict cultural demands. Defying the stereotype of a mother-woman, Edna battles the pressures of 1899 that command her to be a subdued and devoted housewife. Although Ednas ultimate suicide is a waste of her struggles against an oppressive society, The Awakening supports and encourages feminism as a way for womenRead More Kate Chopin’s The Awakening Essay4153 Words   |  17 PagesKate Chopin’s The Awakening Kate Chopin’s The Awakening should be seen as depicting the discontentment that comes from self-gratification rather than the glorification of delighting in one’s fantasies. Chopin describes the central idea of one who is seeking to please her personal needs and desires and, in the process, neglects to notice how her actions affect others. The protagonist, Edna, is not able to find peace or happiness in the accepted daily life that a woman of her era and socialRead MoreKate Chopins The Awakening1176 Words   |  5 PagesIn Kate Chopin, â€Å"The Awakening†, longing for passion and freedom Edna Pontellier leaves the safety of her gilded cage, only to find that death is her only salvation. In the 1800’s the main role in society for a female was to be a wife and mother, women at this time were the property of their husbands and had little say in anything. Which for Edna was the opposite of what she wanted, she wanted to be free from these responsibilit ies and to live her own life. Although Edna is not a victim in theRead More Kate Chopins Awakening Essay1448 Words   |  6 PagesKate Chopins Awakening Kate Chopins depiction of â€Å"The Awakening† is realistic as she develops Edna Pontellier’s character from a socially and morally respectable individual to an individual that turns her back on everything closest to her as she births her new self-being. Edna Pontellier struggles between her subconscious and conscious thoughts as unusual feelings stir unfounded emotions and senses. Some of Chopin’s characters lend themselves in Edna’s â€Å"awakening†. Through examination of LeonceRead MoreEssay on Kate Chopins The Awakening1246 Words   |  5 PagesKate Chopins The Awakening In Kate Chopins, The Awakening, Edna Pontellier came in contact with many different people during a summer at Grand Isle. Some had little influence on her life while others had everything to do with the way she lived the rest of her life. The influences and actions of Robert Lebrun on Edna led to her realization that she could never get what she wanted, which in turn caused her to take her own life. In the Creole culture, outward affection and expressionRead More Kate Chopin’s The Awakening - The Feminist Awakening Essay2094 Words   |  9 PagesThe Feminist Awakening    Women’s rights have evolved over time; beginning with being homemakers and evolving to obtaining professions, acquiring an education, and gaining the right to vote. The movement that created all these revolutionary changes was called the feminist movement. The feminist movement occurred in the twentieth century. Many people are not aware of the purpose of the feminist movement. The movement was political and social and it sought to set up equality for women. Women’s groupsRead MoreFemale Empowerment in Kate Chopins The Awakening7915 Words   |  32 PagesHeinrich-Heine-Università ¤t Wintersemester 2010/11 Vertiefungsmodul Kurs: American Realism and Naturalism - Short Stories Seminarleiter: Georg Schiller Datum der Abgabe: 16.04.2011 Female Empowerment in Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Awakening† Anjana Dhir BA Englisch KF, Geschichte NF 3. Semester Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. The FrenchRead More The Shocking Ideas of Kate Chopins The Awakening1864 Words   |  8 PagesIdeas of The Awakening Ideas that resist existing social boundaries commonly are rejected at first, because people don’t want to wake up from their reliable lives. Kate Chopin, however, believed that an awakening was in order, and she attempted to open the eyes of society through her novel The Awakening. The public’s reaction to Chopin’s novel was not one of acceptance. Too strong a drink for moral babies, and should be labeled ‘poison,’ was the how the Republic described Chopins work (Seyersted

Management of Human Resources Free Essays

HR.com is one of the free websites which connect companies around the country with innovative HR practices and solutions. The advantages of the web site are careful selection of information and categories, unique design and easy registration. We will write a custom essay sample on Management of Human Resources or any similar topic only for you Order Now Taking into account the design if the webpage it is possible to say that it represents the best way to convey the essence of any information. In other words, it is balance between graphics and text and even the quality and style of language and expression also important tool which form social identity. The disadvantage of the site is that it is to navigate and find necessary information at once. The site has a search engine but it does not find all articles and ‘pages’ available on the site. This website thrives because it offers its participants exchange of common interests; a sense of place with codes of behavior; the development of stimulating dialogues; encouragement for active participation by more than an exclusive few. The great emphasis is placed on conceptual ability, and proportionately. Both the content and possibility of forming relationships with buyers and with the managers act as a magnet, drawing visitors back to the site on a frequent and regular basis. The web site covers main social issues and news in order to attract potential consumers and deliver high service quality. Also, they propose answers to the important questions for every business and life: economic conditions and quotes, HR innovations and solutions (HR.com Home Page 2007). The coolest thing about HR.com is Blogging Community. It includes overview of member blog contributions and their research results, articles on different topics and discussions. The coolest thing about www.shrm.com is a-z index which helps to find necessary information or person. The coolest thing about www.workforce.com is a â€Å"news in brief† section which highlights the main events and current news. The coolest thing about Prospera is a 30 day free trial for potential buyers. On www.hr.com, I dislike two animated videos (advertisements) which spoil impression about the site. They move all the time and it is really difficult to concentrate on a particular subject or information. Student membership is available on this site. Guest membership is free but Individual and Student Membership Level requires fees (from $50 up to $299 US/per year). In general, HR.com fulfils three major functions: it helps to make choices, makes possible relationships with others, and gives strength and resilience. References HR.com Home Page (2007). Retrieved 09 September 2007, from www.hr.com How to cite Management of Human Resources, Essay examples

Robert Aldrich Essays - English-language Films, Films,

Robert Aldrich Robert Aldrich Robert Aldrich was born into an extremely wealthy family. He became an assistant director in Hollywood, working in the 1945 - 1952 period with many directors. A notably high percentage of these were in the extreme left: Jean Renoir, Lewis Milestone, Robert Rossen, Joseph Losey, Charles Chaplin. Kiss Me Deadly Kiss Me Deadly (1955) is Aldrich's most remarkable film. Aldrich began directing in 1953, and by then, the film noir cycle had run its course as a Hollywood phenomenon, peaking in the years 1942 - 1951. However, film noirs were still being made steadily through the 1950's, and many of these works were classics of the cycle. There is a remarkably detailed visual analysis of the film in Kiss Me Deadly: Evidence of a Style by Alain Silver, in Film Noir Reader (1996), edited by Alain Silver and James Ursini. The remarks below are simply intended to point out a few more things about this film, one of the most complex and creative of all film noirs. 3D Camera Technique The staging in Kiss Me Deadly shows a three dimensional quality. Partly this is due to depth of field. Many scenes keep in focus far into the rear of the scene. This is a technique associated in Hollywood with Orson Welles. Aldrich is often considered to be a Welles disciple. There are other techniques that aid in the film's 3D quality: 1) The showing of an irregular wall along one side of the shot. When Mike Hammer's car pulls up to a gas station near the beginning of the film, we see the entire front of the gas station along the right side of the shot. The gas station facade is by no means smooth; it contains many projections. All of these are fully lit up. The gas station is shot as if it were an elaborate piece of sculpture, like one of Louise Nevelson's friezes. As the camera moves past it, it emphasizes the station's complex 3D qualities. The projections on the station all are rectilinear: they are box like, with flat, perpendicular walls. A shot with even greater depth of field shows Mike Hammer knocking on a door in the Angel's Flight neighborhood. Behind him we see first a long narrow alleyway, then a huge depth of field showing a Los Angeles city scape. This is an astonishing shot. Both the alley and the cityscape are irregular, just like the gas station. They are full of protuberances, and show a huge amount of specialized detail. The stairs view is bounded on the left by many protuberances from the building, mainly rectilinear, although there are some angular planes as well. A third similar shot shows the left hand side wall of Hammer's apartment. The tables and furniture form the rectilinear protuberances near Hammer's wall. 2) Aldrich often shows scenes with an L construction. For example, take the gas station, once the characters stop there and get gas. The front of the station is a long horizontal space. Then, at the left hand side of the station, we also see a walkway going straight back from the camera. The walkway is joined to the front of the station like the letter L. The front of the station forms the long part of the L, the shorter walkway the connecting stoke at the base of the L. Hammer's apartment is set up in a similar way. There is a long living room that is often shot so that it stretches from left to right, horizontally across the screen (just like the front of the gas station). Then at the left of the screen, a passage leading straight away from the camera leads to Mike Hammer's bed room (like the walkway at the left of the gas station). This is the same geometry of set design and camera set up in both scenes. The gym shows a similar L, but with the passage (the staircase) on the right hand side of the shot, not the left. The L construction shows movement in two completely perpendicular directions. This emphasizes the 3D nature of the shot. People do move along the short bar of the L: for example, at the gas station Cloris Leachman moves